UPS: ups_pct_source and ups_charge_ah (counted charge); host.ndjson in capture sessions

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01DDwfd6Ki8UfG4hK6W5YpJz

checklists/z27ag-captures.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "id": "z27ag-captures",
-  "version": 2,
+  "version": 5,
   "title": "Z27AG decoding captures",
   "about": "docs/impl/plans/Z27AG-CAPTURES.md",
   "mark_format": "<step> <action>[ #<n>] start|end for a span, <step> <action>[ #<n>] for a point",
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
           "id": "14",
           "title": "Engine start",
           "do": "Cold start if possible: mark as the starter turns, then idle 60 s.",
-          "finds": "starting, coolant and oil warming, idle control",
+          "finds": "starting, coolant and oil warming, idle control; after standing overnight, every temperature sensor reads the outside temperature at the first frames, which scales 449 bytes 0, 1, 3 against OBD-II intake and coolant",
           "actions": [
             {
               "label": "engine start",
@@ -320,6 +320,25 @@
               "point": true
             }
           ]
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "32",
+          "title": "Temperature dial",
+          "do": "Engine warm (the heater needs it), blower on, A/C as it is. Sweep: from coldest to hottest a click or two at a time, a few seconds at each, then back; start at coldest, end back at coldest. Then hold hottest 5 min, and coldest 5 min, windows shut.",
+          "finds": "the dial setting on CAN (a byte stepping with each click); whether 449 byte 0 is the cabin temperature (it should drift up over the hot hold, down over the cold one)",
+          "actions": [
+            {
+              "label": "dial sweep"
+            },
+            {
+              "label": "hold hottest",
+              "hold_s": 300
+            },
+            {
+              "label": "hold coldest",
+              "hold_s": 300
+            }
+          ]
         }
       ]
     },
@@ -445,6 +464,83 @@
               "hold_s": 10
             }
           ]
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "31",
+          "title": "One wheel at a time, by hand",
+          "do": "Ignition on, engine off, neutral. A front: hold the other front still (open differential: in neutral the turned wheel spins the gearbox, not its partner) and spin this one briskly by hand, forward, about one turn a second; start as it turns, end as you stop. A rear, if you raise it: rears turn freely, no holding needed. Fronts are enough if the rears are not up.",
+          "finds": "which word of 235 is which wheel, one at a time (the drives already point to bytes 0-1 front right, 2-3 front left, 4-5 rear right, 6-7 rear left); also the slowest speed the ABS reports",
+          "actions": [
+            {
+              "label": "front left by hand",
+              "hold_s": 10
+            },
+            {
+              "label": "front right by hand",
+              "hold_s": 10
+            },
+            {
+              "label": "rear left by hand",
+              "hold_s": 10
+            },
+            {
+              "label": "rear right by hand",
+              "hold_s": 10
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "title": "IMU calibration (module fixed in its final place)",
+      "steps": [
+        {
+          "id": "27",
+          "title": "IMU level, facing one way",
+          "do": "Parked on the flattest ground at hand, engine off or idling, nobody moving inside. Start, keep still 15 s, end.",
+          "finds": "which way is down for the IMU (with step 28, cancelling the ground's slope)",
+          "actions": [
+            {
+              "label": "imu level A",
+              "hold_s": 15
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "28",
+          "title": "IMU level, turned round",
+          "do": "The same spot, nose the other way: a rough 180° will do. Still again, 15 s.",
+          "finds": "the second half of the level: the slope's tilt reverses, the mounting's does not",
+          "actions": [
+            {
+              "label": "imu level B",
+              "hold_s": 15
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "29",
+          "title": "IMU pull-away, straight",
+          "do": "A straight, flat section. From standstill, a firm pull-away in 1st to about 30. Start as the clutch bites, end as you lift.",
+          "finds": "which way is forward for the IMU",
+          "actions": [
+            {
+              "label": "imu pull away",
+              "repeat": 3
+            }
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "30",
+          "title": "IMU braking, straight",
+          "do": "The same section. From about 40, a firm (not emergency) stop. Start as you brake, end when stopped.",
+          "finds": "forward again, from the other side; also braking g",
+          "actions": [
+            {
+              "label": "imu brake",
+              "repeat": 3
+            }
+          ]
         }
       ]
     }

docs/BOUNDARY.md

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ The two channels from decision 24 share the socket but keep different guarantees
 | `ack` | reply to a `cmd` | `id`, `ok`, `detail`, `dup` (true when answered from the cache) |
 
 With `source: bus`, `signals` is the newest envelope of every signal svc-gw has
-seen on `yukart/vehicle/+` and `yukart/host/+`. svc-gw marks one
+seen on `yukart/vehicle/+`, `yukart/host/+`, `yukart/gnss/+` and `yukart/imu/+`. svc-gw marks one
 `quality: "stale"` when it has not been refreshed for 5 s, or is known only from
 the broker's retained copy (which may predate a reboot). A signal once seen is
 never removed.
@@ -66,18 +66,20 @@ tablet, or an Orin behind a replugged hub, looks connected at the link layer.
 |---|---|---|
 | `ping` | — | `ack` with `detail: "pong"` |
 | `mark` | `text`, `delay_ms` (optional: how long the command waited before this send) | stamped into the open recording; fails with no session open |
-| `poweroff` | `confirm: "poweroff"`, `boot_id` (from this connection's `hello`) | acks, then shuts the host down cleanly (`systemctl poweroff`) about 2 s later. Refused unless svc-gw runs with `--allow-poweroff` (the Orin's unit only), and when `boot_id` is not the current boot's |
+| `poweroff` | `confirm: "poweroff"`, `boot_id` (from this connection's `hello`) | acks, then shuts the host down cleanly (`systemctl poweroff`) about 2 s later. Refused unless svc-gw runs with `--allow-power` (the Orin's unit only), and when `boot_id` is not the current boot's |
+| `reboot` | `confirm: "reboot"`, `boot_id` | the same, with `systemctl reboot`; the same flag and refusals |
 
 A repeated `id` returns the original `ack` (last 256 kept, shared across
 connections) and never re-runs the command.
 
-`poweroff` is the exception to retry-until-acked: the ack cache does not survive
+`poweroff` and `reboot` are the exception to retry-until-acked: the ack cache does
-the reboot it causes, so a resend could shut the next boot down too. The client
+not survive the restart they cause, so a resend could shut the next boot down (or
-sends it once and does not resend it; `boot_id` makes svc-gw refuse one from a
+reboot it again). The client sends them once and does not resend; `boot_id` makes
-previous boot regardless.
+svc-gw refuse one from a previous boot regardless.
 
 ## Not yet
 
 - TTS utterances (id, chunk sequence, terminator, expiry) — when there is a TTS.
-- `gnss`: its fix is an object, which the envelope's `value` does not allow yet.
+- `gnss/fix` as one object (navigation's input): the envelope's `value` does not allow
+  one yet. Displays get the fix as single values on `yukart/gnss/<signal>` instead.
 - Any version beyond `proto: 0`. A breaking change bumps it; the client checks it.

docs/GUIDELINES.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ type: guidelines
 - ⚠ **The unit appears in both the topic name and the payload, so they can
   contradict each other.** Generating both from one entry is what stops that; a
   hand-written `"unit"` reintroduces the failure it was meant to prevent.
-- Signal names carry their unit (`vehicle_speed_kph`, `coolant_temp_c`), so a unit
+- Signal names carry their unit (`gnss_speed_kph`, `obd_coolant_temp_c`), so a unit
   mismatch is visible at the call site rather than one registry lookup away.
 
 ## 2. Two clocks, and they answer different questions

docs/impl/plans/Z27AG-CAPTURES.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 type: plan
 status: ready
-updated: 2026-10-13
+updated: 2026-10-15
 ---
 # Z27AG decoding captures: what to do in the car
 
@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@ ground truth. Prior art and first candidates: [the prior-art report](../reports/
 
 | In the session directory | From | Use |
 |---|---|---|
-| `can-*.log(.zst)` | the PEAK, every frame, kernel timestamps | what gets decoded; also holds every OBD request (`7DF`) and reply (`7E8`) |
+| `can-*.log(.zst)` | the PEAK, every frame, kernel timestamps | what gets decoded (nothing transmits on CAN: OBD-II is on the K-line) |
-| `vehicle.ndjson` | `obd-poller` via the bus | the same OBD replies as values (rpm, speed, throttle, load, MAP, MAF ~10 Hz; coolant, intake air, fuel 1 Hz); `env.timestamp` equals the reply frame's timestamp |
+| `vehicle.ndjson` | `decoder` and `obd-poller` via the bus | decoded CAN signals, and the `obd_*` references from the K-line through the ELM327 (rpm, speed, throttle, load, MAF, timing, O2 every round; coolant, intake air, trims every 5 s); `env.timestamp` is the reply's arrival at the Orin |
 | `events.ndjson` | marks from the app | when each step happened |
 | `gnss.ndjson` | gpsd (SIM7600) | speed and position for the drive |
+| `host.ndjson` | `orin-status` via the bus (`yukart/host/*`) | the Orin's own state beside the drive: temperatures, load, power, links, UPS (since 2026-10-16) |
+| `imu.bin` (`imu.ndjson`) | `imu` via the bus (`yukart/raw/imu`) | every IMU sample, packed (svc-core `imu --export` prints it as JSON lines; sessions before 2026-10-16 and anything that does not pack are in `imu.ndjson`), raw module axes, Orin receive time: calibration (27–30) and, once calibrated, motion for the drive |
 
 ## Operating it from the app
 
@@ -33,8 +35,9 @@ ground truth. Prior art and first candidates: [the prior-art report](../reports/
   session` when there is no traffic yet (ignition on, PEAK plugged). A mark sent with
   the link down waits (`unacked`) and goes when it is back, with its delay noted.
 - The **Mark** button on the main screen is still there for anything off-plan.
-- **OBD is working** when `engine_rpm`, `vehicle_speed_kph` and the rest appear in
+- **OBD is working** when `obd_engine_rpm`, `obd_coolant_temp_c` and the rest appear
-  the signal list and move. If they never appear, see *If OBD stays silent*.
+  in the signal list and move (the ELM on the OBD port, through the Y harness beside
+  the PEAK). If they never appear, see *If OBD stays silent*.
 
 ## The steps
 
@@ -52,14 +55,22 @@ recorder refuses marks with "no session" otherwise); engine off, doors shut.
 - **Engine running, parked** (14–18): start and idle, held revs in neutral (no OBD
   on this car's CAN: the revs are approximate, read off the tacho), blips, A/C load, radiator fan.
 - **Driving** (19–22): steady speeds, stops, corners, each gear. A passenger presses,
-  or skip the marks: GNSS speed is recorded continuously, and gear comes from
+  or skip the marks: GNSS speed is recorded continuously. The gear is not on CAN and
-  rpm ÷ speed.
+  is not inferred (decode report).
 - **On jack stands** (23–26, since v2): front wheels up, rears chocked, handbrake
   off. Unpowered steering; speedometer readings held in 2nd and 3rd (fronts turn,
   rears stay still, which tells the wheels apart); braking from speed with vacuum
-  assist; reverse. Stands replace the driving speeds where a drive is not practical.
+  assist; reverse. Stands replace the driving speeds where a drive is not practical. Step 31
+  (since v4, kept in this section, numbered after the IMU steps so earlier numbers stay): each
+  wheel spun by hand, the other front held still; the rears only if they are raised too.
+- **IMU calibration** (27–30, since v3): once the IMU is fixed in its final place. Level
+  twice on the same spot, facing one way and then turned round (a rough 180° is fine:
+  the ground's slope reverses and cancels, the mounting's tilt does not); then three
+  firm pull-aways and three firm stops on a straight, flat section (forward, signed by
+  which kind of stretch it is). Any session holds raw IMU samples (`imu.bin`), so
+  these can go in their own short session or with anything else.
 
-Version 2 (2026-10-13) adds the stands section and writes down the conditions the
+Version 5 (2026-10-15) adds step 32, the temperature dial (engine running section), and the overnight soak to step 14. Version 4 (2026-10-15) adds step 31, one wheel at a time by hand. Version 3 (2026-10-14) adds the IMU calibration section. Version 2 (2026-10-13) adds the stands section and writes down the conditions the
 first run showed matter: engine off and handbrake on for 1–13, foot brake held for
 the handbrake step, neutral with the clutch up for the revs.
 
@@ -80,18 +91,33 @@ The parked steps can be split over several sessions; the drive is the important
 ## If OBD stays silent
 
 `yukart/system/obd-poller` says why (visible in `mosquitto_sub -v -t 'yukart/system/#'`
-on the Orin):
+on the Orin), and the signal list's `elm_connected` shows the Bluetooth link:
 
-- `bus idle: not polling`: no traffic: ignition off or PEAK unplugged.
+- `ELM …: … (unplugged, asleep or out of range)`: no Bluetooth link. The ELM in the
-- `no ECU answers 01 00`: the engine ECU does not do standard mode 01 on this bus.
+  port? Its light on? A phone app holding it (it takes one connection)? Retried
-  Then OBDb's MUT-III (`21 xx`) requests are the next thing to try.
+  every minute.
+- `ECU not answering (…): ignition off?`: the ELM is there, the car is not. The
+  adapter's own words are in the brackets (`BUS INIT: ...ERROR`, `NO DATA`).
+- `ECU silent for 60 s: adapter released`: ignition off for a minute; the poller let
+  go so the ELM can sleep, and tries again every minute.
 - To see what answers, on the Orin: `sudo systemctl stop yukart-obd-poller`,
-  `yukart-obd-poller --once` (supported PIDs and one value each, with reply times),
+  `yukart-obd-poller --elm $(. /etc/default/yukart-elm; echo $ELM_ADDR) --once`
-  `sudo systemctl start yukart-obd-poller`. Never two pollers at once: their
+  (adapter, protocol, supported PIDs and one value each, with reply times), then
-  replies would cross.
+  `sudo systemctl start yukart-obd-poller`.
 
 ## Afterwards
 
+**IMU calibration**, on the car Orin, from the session that holds steps 27–30:
+
+```bash
+yukart-imu --calibrate /var/lib/yukart/recordings/<session>           # print: down, forward, slope, spread
+yukart-imu --calibrate /var/lib/yukart/recordings/<session> --write   # and save /var/lib/yukart/imu/mount.json
+```
+
+The service picks the new mounting up within seconds; roll and pitch should then read
+about 0 parked on level ground. Steps 27–28 alone also work: forward then stays the
+`--forward` axis, laid flat, until a session with 29–30 is calibrated.
+
 Sessions are in `/var/lib/yukart/recordings/` on the car Orin. Copy one off with
 `rsync -a mikkeli-orin-nano:/var/lib/yukart/recordings/<session>/ …` into
 `yukart-data`, with a line in its README of what was done.

docs/impl/reports/Z27AG-DECODE-1.md

@@ -46,10 +46,15 @@ jack-stands session and a GNSS-matched drive settle both the byte order and the
 
 ## Not on this bus (or not seen)
 
-- **Clutch pedal:** nothing changed in 3 presses, engine off.
+- **Clutch and transmission are not on this bus.** Nothing changed for the clutch
-- **Gear position:** nothing in 5 gears, reverse or neutral. Expected for a manual. The
+  (3 presses), any of the 5 gears, neutral or reverse: nothing on the car consumes
-  gear can be computed from rpm ÷ wheel speed once the scale is known.
+  them, so no frame carries them. Reverse was rechecked against both reverse
-- **Reverse:** no reverse bit found. The reverse lamp is probably wired directly.
+  stretches (engine off and engine on) versus every other position: no bit
+  separates them.
+- **Gear is not inferred from rpm ÷ wheel speed** (owner's call, 2026-10-13): the
+  clutch is invisible, so the ratio lies whenever it is down or slipping, and the
+  gear matters most at a standstill, where the ratio says nothing. A *recommended*
+  gear from speed and rpm is the useful form, if any.
 - **Steering angle:** not analysed yet (step 5 was done with the engine on, at the end).
 
 ## Not analysed yet

docs/impl/reports/Z27AG-DECODE-2.md

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+---
+type: report
+date: 2026-10-15
+---
+# Z27AG CAN: second pass, against OBD-II and GNSS
+
+Sessions `000007-20261015T192938` and `000008-20261015T200202` (car Orin): doors, tailgate,
+bonnet and wipers (checklist step 10–11), then a short drive with GNSS (3D fix, helix antenna)
+and OBD-II through the ELM327 on the K-line, all on the Orin's clock. The first time CAN, OBD-II
+and GNSS were recorded together. About 30 minutes; 1190 OBD-II samples of each fast value.
+
+## Confirmed
+
+| Signal | Where | Evidence | Registered as |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Engine speed | `210` bytes 4–5, BE, 1 rpm (pass 1) | equal to OBD-II `0C`: median ratio 1.0000, median difference 4 rpm, 1190 samples | `engine_rpm` (unchanged) |
+| Coolant temperature | `449` byte 2, −40 °C | equal to OBD-II `05` within ±1 °C (median 0.0) over 86–97 °C; no other byte tracks it | `coolant_temp_c` |
+| Vehicle speed | `231` bytes 6–7, **little-endian**, **0.0577 km/h per count** | steady cruising (> 15 km/h, GNSS change < 1 km/h over 2 s, 117 fixes): spread 2.6 % against GNSS | `vehicle_speed_kph` |
+| Four wheel speeds | `235` four words, **little-endian** (pass 1 left the byte order open) | big-endian misses by 28 km/h rms; little-endian fits. Words 0, 1: 0.0578; words 2, 3: 0.0581 km/h per count against GNSS | not yet: which word is which wheel waits for the jack-stands run (fronts turn, rears stay) |
+
+Scales are against **GNSS**, so they include this car's tyres today. **OBD-II speed reads 3 % low**
+against GNSS (0.9706): the ECU's figure is no better a reference than the ABS frames. The two
+word pairs of `235` differ by 0.5 %, the usual size of a front/rear tyre difference.
+
+## Doors, tailgate, bonnet, wipers
+
+| Thing | Bit | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| Driver's door | `423.0.4` | its own bit (pass 1); also sets any-door |
+| Passenger, rear left, rear right | only `423.2.1` (any door) | no bit of their own |
+| Tailgate | only `423.2.1` | with the driver's door open, `423.0.4` cleared on closing it while `423.2.1` stayed set until the tailgate shut |
+| Bonnet | nothing | a mechanical latch with no switch, as expected |
+| Front wiper running | `423.3.3` | set through "low" and "high"; nothing in a 4 s "interval" window. Medium confidence; also explains pass 1's unexplained `423.3.3` stretch |
+
+## IMU calibration, checked against GNSS
+
+Level from session `000006` (two still stretches, the ground's 1.9° slope cancelled), forward from
+`000008` (three stops, one launch; 3512 samples, mean spread 12.7°). The module sits upside down,
+about 24° off level, turned so its X axis points forward. Calibrated, the marked stretches read:
+
+| Stretch | IMU longitudinal (0.25 s mean, peak) | GNSS |
+|---|---|---|
+| Stop, 48 → 0 km/h | −0.35 g | −0.28 g |
+| Stop, 45 → 0 | −0.17 g | −0.17 g |
+| Stop, 40 → 0 | −0.21 g | −0.18 g |
+| Launch | +0.32 g | +0.36 g |
+
+Lateral stays at about 0 in all four: forward is straight ahead. GNSS reports about once a second,
+which smooths short peaks.
+
+## Session 000009: lights at night, corners
+
+`z27ag-20261015-203117-lights-corners-drive`: step 9 at night, then a 35-minute errand drive
+(no OBD-II: the obd-poller was off after the freeze). References: GNSS and the calibrated IMU.
+
+| Signal | Where | Evidence | Registered as |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Main beam | `423.2.7` | set exactly through the marked stretch; also fired once with the other lights off: flash-to-pass | `main_beam` |
+| Front fog lamps | `423.2.4` | set exactly through the marked stretch (lights on) | `front_fogs` |
+| **Steering wheel angle** | `0C0` bytes 0–1, little-endian, **signed**, **0.1° per count**, positive left | correlation **+0.995** with how sharply the car turns (IMU yaw rate ÷ speed), 1021 s of driving. Lock to lock −479…+471°; with a 2.5 m wheelbase that is a 16.3:1 steering ratio, typical. Straight driving reads −2.7° (camber or alignment) | `steering_angle_deg` (the layout format gained `signed`) |
+| Dipped beam? | `423.3.1` | clean in daylight on the 13th; at night it flickers on for 0.1–0.2 s at each switch movement. The cluster has **no dipped-beam lamp** (only side lights, main beam and fogs, no rear fogs), and `423` matches the cluster's lamps, so this bit is probably something else that moves with the lights (illumination, dimming). A walk through Off → Auto → Dim → Main settles it | `dipped_beam` kept, description says so |
+
+**IMU, lateral axis:** lateral g against speed × yaw rate gives a slope of **−0.998** (correlation
+−0.91; the sign is right: yaw counts a left turn positive, lateral g counts right positive). With the
+stops above, both horizontal axes of the calibration are confirmed.
+
+`149` bytes 1–2 is not a yaw-rate sensor (correlation 0.02 with the IMU's yaw rate).
+
+## Not found
+
+- **Intake air temperature:** no byte of `449` tracks OBD-II `0F` (29–51 °C here).
+- `449` bytes 0, 1, 3 move like temperatures but match nothing on OBD-II.
+
+## Notes on the recording
+
+- **The Orin froze mid-drive** (19:59; hardware watchdog reset at 20:01:47), splitting the drive
+  over two sessions. orin-nano-env-setup has the investigation.
+- OBD-II through the ELM gave each fast value about every 2 s (K-line, ~250 ms per request).

docs/impl/reports/Z27AG-DECODE-3.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+---
+type: report
+date: 2026-10-15
+---
+# Z27AG CAN: third pass, the drive back
+
+Sessions `000011-20261015T212904` and `000013-20261015T214544` (the drive back, about 13 minutes,
+no marks) together with pass 2's `000008` and `000009`: 20 km of driving with GNSS and the calibrated
+IMU, no OBD-II. Nothing was marked, so this pass uses what any drive has: corners and distance.
+
+## Confirmed
+
+| Signal | Where | Evidence | Registered as |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Wheel speeds | `235` four words, little-endian (pass 2): bytes 0–1 **front right**, 2–3 **front left**, 4–5 **rear right**, 6–7 **rear left** | from corners, below | `wheel_speed_fr_kph`, `_fl_`, `_rr_`, `_rl_` |
+| Odometer | `570` bytes 4–6, little-endian, **1 km** | steps once per kilometre: 12 steps over 11.9 km (`000009`), 3 over 3.0 km (`000011`); 167966 on the 13th, 167988 at the end of the drive back; valid with the engine off too. Agrees with the cluster's (digital) odometer | `odometer_km` (the layout format gained 24-bit fields) |
+| Distance counter | `14D` bytes 6–7, little-endian, **about 0.40 m** per count | tracks distance from the wheel speeds with correlation 1.0000 in both drives (103.2 and 103.6 m per step of byte 7); wraps every ~26 km | not registered. The cluster's two trip meters count 0.1 km and may run from this; it is also the finest distance on the bus (slow creeping, short manoeuvres) |
+
+### Which word is which wheel
+
+In a corner the outer wheels run faster than the inner ones, by about half the track width times the
+curvature; and the fronts run on a wider arc than the rears, by about half the wheelbase squared times
+the curvature squared. Fitting each word's share of the four (its speed ÷ their mean) against the
+curvature from the steering angle (`steering_angle_deg` + 2.7° for the straight-ahead offset, ÷ 16.3,
+over a 2.5 m wheelbase), 74 476 frames above 15 km/h:
+
+| Word | Linear term (track) | Square term (wheelbase) | So |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| 0 | +0.72 m | +1.4 m² | right, front |
+| 1 | −0.72 m | +1.4 m² | left, front |
+| 2 | +0.75 m | −0.9 m² | right, rear |
+| 3 | −0.75 m | −1.9 m² | left, rear |
+
+Curvature is positive turning left, so a positive linear term is a wheel on the right (outside in a left
+turn). The size, ±0.72–0.75 m, is half the Colt's track (1.45–1.46 m). The square terms split the words
+into a pair above the mean and a pair below it, ±1.5 m² against an expected ±1.6 m² (2.5² ÷ 4). Medians
+by curvature agree: in left turns tighter than 20 m (`κ > 0.05`) the words read 1.068, 0.956, 1.044,
+0.932 of their mean.
+
+Straight ahead the fronts read 0.6 % more counts than the rears, matching pass 2's per-word scales
+(0.0578 against 0.0581 km/h per count). Driven wheels or tyre sizes, either is ordinary; each pair is
+registered with its own scale, so all four read GNSS speed when cruising.
+
+Jack stands (checklist 23–26) would still confirm this, but are no longer needed to find it.
+
+## Candidates
+
+- **`570` bytes 2 and 3: fuel, most likely.** Both fall slowly: byte 2 read 87 on the 13th and 76
+  at the end of the drive back, 22 km later. Both read `7F` with the engine off. Outside temperature
+  was the other reading, but the car shows it nowhere, and the bytes **slosh**. Take away their own
+  60 s average, and what is left follows the car's motion in all three drives:
+
+  | Byte | Lateral g | Longitudinal g | Lag |
+  |---|---|---|---|
+  | 3 | +0.70 to +0.81 | −0.42 to −0.48 | none |
+  | 2 | +0.64 to +0.75 | −0.48 to −0.50 | about 3 s |
+
+  Lateral g here is from the wheel speeds and the steering angle, longitudinal from the change in
+  wheel speed. A temperature would not do this; liquid in a tank would. Byte 3 looks like the sender
+  as it is, and byte 2 a damped copy (a gauge needle is damped the same way). The "rise while parked"
+  (78 → 81) was the same thing: the drive before ended at 80, parked in the same spot (the same
+  IMU tilt to three decimals). It read 76 a minute earlier, while still moving. The reading moves about
+  ±4 with tilt and motion, so it needs averaging over minutes.
+  Scale unknown: full is unlikely to be 100 or 255. A refuel gives two points (before and after,
+  parked level, with the litres put in). Not registered until then.
+
+- **`449` bytes 0, 1, 3: climate-control temperatures, most likely raw sensor readings.** Pass 2 looked
+  for a byte that equals OBD-II intake air temperature less 40 and found none. Read the other way,
+  bytes 1 and 3 run *against* it (correlation −0.96 and −0.98 in `000007`), the way a thermistor's raw
+  reading falls as it warms. They follow it over tens of minutes, not second to second, so they are
+  other sensors that warm and cool with the air around the engine and car:
+  - **Byte 3: the A/C evaporator.** At each first switch-on of the compressor (`ac_compressor`) it climbs
+    from 115–145 to about 185 within 30–60 s, then stays there while the compressor cycles on and off
+    every 10–20 s. That is the evaporator being held just above freezing, the job its sensor exists
+    for. It keeps climbing a few counts after each switch-off, as an evaporator does while the last
+    refrigerant boils off. With the A/C off it drifts with the air (the `000007` correlation above).
+    Higher count, colder.
+  - **Byte 1: outside air, probably.** Slow; 89–91 on the afternoon of the 13th, 99–117 in the evening
+    of the 15th (higher count, colder, as byte 3). It fell from 114 to 99 over 30 minutes parked and
+    idling, and rose from 112 to 117 over 8 minutes of driving. A sensor behind the grille does this:
+    radiator heat soaks it while standing, and the airflow cools it once moving. That is why climate
+    controls filter it.
+  - **Byte 0: unclear.** 119–134, slow, unmoved by the engine starting or stopping (so not the
+    charging voltage), and its sign against the other two is not consistent. A cabin sensor is one
+    guess.
+
+  An auto climate control has these three: evaporator, outside air, cabin. The way to scale them is
+  an overnight soak: a cold start after the car has stood all night gives one reading of each with
+  everything at the outside temperature (OBD-II intake and coolant say what that is). With a
+  thermometer and the A/C steps (12, 17), it gives a second. A mid-session frame with byte 6 = 24 instead
+  of 51 (end of `000009`, engine stopping) has every byte halved or changed; left out of the above.
+
+## Notes on the recording
+
+- `000012` is a 25-second parked session in between; `000013` ends with the PEAK unplugged.
+- The recorder kept IMU samples as JSON lines (34 MB for `000009`). From this pass on it packs them
+  (`imu.bin`, svc-core `imu/packed.rs`): the same samples are 8.5 MB, and all of `000009`'s samples fit
+  the packed form exactly.

schema/signals.json

@@ -1,6 +1,136 @@
 {
-  "$comment": "Single source for signal identity. Topic name and envelope unit are both derived from these entries and are never authored separately. source=obd2 is standardised; source=host is the Orin itself (orin-status), not the car. source=z27ag is reverse-engineered from the car's own broadcast frames, and its 'can' block is the only place its layout is written down: id (11-bit, hex string), byte (first data byte, 0-7), length in bits (1, 8 or 16), bit (length 1 only: 0 = LSB of that byte), order (length 16: big = byte first is most significant, little = the reverse), scale and offset (value = raw * scale + offset; booleans are raw != 0). 'evidence' names the contracts report that found it.",
+  "$comment": "Single source for signal identity. Topic name and envelope unit are both derived from these entries and are never authored separately. source=obd2 is standardised (OBD-II mode 01 over the K-line, through the ELM327): calibration references, every name prefixed obd_ (project-yukart decision 30); source=host is the Orin itself (orin-status), not the car. source=gnss is the receiver (svc-core gnss), on yukart/gnss/<signal>. source=imu is the WT61 IMU, already turned into the car's frame (mounting and gravity handled by its publisher), on yukart/imu/<signal>. source=z27ag is reverse-engineered from the car's own broadcast frames, and its 'can' block is the only place its layout is written down: id (11-bit, hex string), byte (first data byte, 0-7), length in bits (1, 8, 16 or 24), bit (length 1 only: 0 = LSB of that byte), order (lengths 16 and 24: big = byte first is most significant, little = the reverse), signed (lengths 8 and up: two's complement; default unsigned), scale and offset (value = raw * scale + offset; booleans are raw != 0). 'evidence' names the contracts report that found it.",
   "signals": {
+    "obd_vehicle_speed_kph": {
+      "unit": "kph",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Road speed",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        255
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_coolant_temp_c": {
+      "unit": "celsius",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Engine coolant temperature",
+      "range": [
+        -40,
+        215
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_intake_air_temp_c": {
+      "unit": "celsius",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Intake air temperature",
+      "range": [
+        -40,
+        215
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_throttle_pct": {
+      "unit": "percent",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Throttle position",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        100
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_engine_load_pct": {
+      "unit": "percent",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Calculated engine load",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        100
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_fuel_level_pct": {
+      "unit": "percent",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Fuel tank level",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        100
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_intake_pressure_kpa": {
+      "unit": "kpa",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Intake manifold absolute pressure",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        255
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_maf_gps": {
+      "unit": "g/s",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Mass air flow rate",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        656
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_engine_rpm": {
+      "unit": "rpm",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Engine speed (OBD-II 0C): the reference for the decoded engine_rpm",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        8000
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_timing_advance_deg": {
+      "unit": "degree",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Ignition timing advance before TDC, cylinder 1",
+      "range": [
+        -64,
+        64
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_stft_pct": {
+      "unit": "percent",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Short-term fuel trim, bank 1: positive adds fuel",
+      "range": [
+        -100,
+        100
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_ltft_pct": {
+      "unit": "percent",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Long-term fuel trim, bank 1: positive adds fuel",
+      "range": [
+        -100,
+        100
+      ]
+    },
+    "obd_o2_b1s1_v": {
+      "unit": "V",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "obd2",
+      "description": "Upstream oxygen sensor voltage (narrowband: ~0.1 lean … ~0.9 rich)",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        1.275
+      ]
+    },
     "engine_rpm": {
       "unit": "rpm",
       "type": "number",
@@ -20,86 +150,6 @@
         "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-1"
       }
     },
-    "vehicle_speed_kph": {
-      "unit": "kph",
-      "type": "number",
-      "source": "obd2",
-      "description": "Road speed",
-      "range": [
-        0,
-        255
-      ]
-    },
-    "coolant_temp_c": {
-      "unit": "celsius",
-      "type": "number",
-      "source": "obd2",
-      "description": "Engine coolant temperature",
-      "range": [
-        -40,
-        215
-      ]
-    },
-    "intake_air_temp_c": {
-      "unit": "celsius",
-      "type": "number",
-      "source": "obd2",
-      "description": "Intake air temperature",
-      "range": [
-        -40,
-        215
-      ]
-    },
-    "throttle_pct": {
-      "unit": "percent",
-      "type": "number",
-      "source": "obd2",
-      "description": "Throttle position",
-      "range": [
-        0,
-        100
-      ]
-    },
-    "engine_load_pct": {
-      "unit": "percent",
-      "type": "number",
-      "source": "obd2",
-      "description": "Calculated engine load",
-      "range": [
-        0,
-        100
-      ]
-    },
-    "fuel_level_pct": {
-      "unit": "percent",
-      "type": "number",
-      "source": "obd2",
-      "description": "Fuel tank level",
-      "range": [
-        0,
-        100
-      ]
-    },
-    "intake_pressure_kpa": {
-      "unit": "kpa",
-      "type": "number",
-      "source": "obd2",
-      "description": "Intake manifold absolute pressure",
-      "range": [
-        0,
-        255
-      ]
-    },
-    "maf_gps": {
-      "unit": "g/s",
-      "type": "number",
-      "source": "obd2",
-      "description": "Mass air flow rate",
-      "range": [
-        0,
-        656
-      ]
-    },
     "accel_pedal_pct": {
       "unit": "percent",
       "type": "number",
@@ -118,6 +168,26 @@
         "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-1"
       }
     },
+    "steering_angle_deg": {
+      "unit": "degree",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Steering wheel angle: positive to the left. About -2.7° driving straight; lock to lock about ±475° (ratio about 16:1)",
+      "range": [
+        -600,
+        600
+      ],
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x0C0",
+        "byte": 0,
+        "length": 16,
+        "order": "little",
+        "signed": true,
+        "scale": 0.1,
+        "offset": 0,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-2"
+      }
+    },
     "brake_pedal": {
       "unit": "",
       "type": "boolean",
@@ -187,7 +257,7 @@
       "unit": "",
       "type": "boolean",
       "source": "z27ag",
-      "description": "Dipped headlights on",
+      "description": "Probably not dipped beam: clean in daylight (2026-10-13) but flickering at each switch movement at night (2026-10-15), and the Z27AG's cluster has no dipped-beam lamp (side lights, main beam and fogs only), so frame 423, the cluster's status, has little reason to carry it. Kept under this name until a light-switch walk shows what it is",
       "can": {
         "id": "0x423",
         "byte": 3,
@@ -196,11 +266,37 @@
         "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-1"
       }
     },
+    "main_beam": {
+      "unit": "",
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Main beam lamp on, flash-to-pass included",
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x423",
+        "byte": 2,
+        "bit": 7,
+        "length": 1,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-2"
+      }
+    },
+    "front_fogs": {
+      "unit": "",
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Front fog lamps on (they need side lights or dipped beam)",
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x423",
+        "byte": 2,
+        "bit": 4,
+        "length": 1,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-2"
+      }
+    },
     "door_open": {
       "unit": "",
       "type": "boolean",
       "source": "z27ag",
-      "description": "Any door open",
+      "description": "Any door open, the tailgate included (the bonnet has no switch)",
       "can": {
         "id": "0x423",
         "byte": 2,
@@ -213,7 +309,7 @@
       "unit": "",
       "type": "boolean",
       "source": "z27ag",
-      "description": "Driver's door open",
+      "description": "Driver's door open: the only door with its own bit",
       "can": {
         "id": "0x423",
         "byte": 0,
@@ -235,6 +331,151 @@
         "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-1"
       }
     },
+    "vehicle_speed_kph": {
+      "unit": "kph",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Road speed from the ABS (CAN), scaled against GNSS on this car's tyres: OBD-II speed reads 3 % lower",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        250
+      ],
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x231",
+        "byte": 6,
+        "length": 16,
+        "order": "little",
+        "scale": 0.0577,
+        "offset": 0,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-2"
+      }
+    },
+    "wheel_speed_fr_kph": {
+      "unit": "kph",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Front right wheel speed from the ABS (CAN), scaled against GNSS while cruising. Which word is which wheel: from cornering (outer wheels faster, fronts on a wider arc than rears), not yet checked on jack stands",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        250
+      ],
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x235",
+        "byte": 0,
+        "length": 16,
+        "order": "little",
+        "scale": 0.0578,
+        "offset": 0,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-3"
+      }
+    },
+    "wheel_speed_fl_kph": {
+      "unit": "kph",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Front left wheel speed from the ABS (CAN), scaled against GNSS while cruising. Which word is which wheel: from cornering (outer wheels faster, fronts on a wider arc than rears), not yet checked on jack stands",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        250
+      ],
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x235",
+        "byte": 2,
+        "length": 16,
+        "order": "little",
+        "scale": 0.0578,
+        "offset": 0,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-3"
+      }
+    },
+    "wheel_speed_rr_kph": {
+      "unit": "kph",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Rear right wheel speed from the ABS (CAN), scaled against GNSS while cruising. Which word is which wheel: from cornering (outer wheels faster, fronts on a wider arc than rears), not yet checked on jack stands",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        250
+      ],
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x235",
+        "byte": 4,
+        "length": 16,
+        "order": "little",
+        "scale": 0.0581,
+        "offset": 0,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-3"
+      }
+    },
+    "wheel_speed_rl_kph": {
+      "unit": "kph",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Rear left wheel speed from the ABS (CAN), scaled against GNSS while cruising. Which word is which wheel: from cornering (outer wheels faster, fronts on a wider arc than rears), not yet checked on jack stands",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        250
+      ],
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x235",
+        "byte": 6,
+        "length": 16,
+        "order": "little",
+        "scale": 0.0581,
+        "offset": 0,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-3"
+      }
+    },
+    "odometer_km": {
+      "unit": "km",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Total distance (CAN), whole kilometres: steps once per kilometre driven (12 steps over 11.9 km). Not yet compared with the cluster's display",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        16777215
+      ],
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x570",
+        "byte": 4,
+        "length": 24,
+        "order": "little",
+        "scale": 1,
+        "offset": 0,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-3"
+      }
+    },
+    "coolant_temp_c": {
+      "unit": "celsius",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Engine coolant temperature (CAN): equal to OBD-II's within 1 °C over 86-97 °C",
+      "range": [
+        -40,
+        215
+      ],
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x449",
+        "byte": 2,
+        "length": 8,
+        "scale": 1,
+        "offset": -40,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-2"
+      }
+    },
+    "front_wiper": {
+      "unit": "",
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "source": "z27ag",
+      "description": "Front wiper running (low or high; interval not seen in a 4 s window). Medium confidence",
+      "can": {
+        "id": "0x423",
+        "byte": 3,
+        "bit": 3,
+        "length": 1,
+        "evidence": "Z27AG-DECODE-2"
+      }
+    },
     "orin_cpu_temp_c": {
       "unit": "celsius",
       "type": "number",
@@ -477,6 +718,24 @@
         10000
       ]
     },
+    "elm_connected": {
+      "unit": "",
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "source": "host",
+      "description": "Bluetooth link to the OBD-II adapter (the ELM327 on the K-line) is up: obd-poller holds it while the ECU answers"
+    },
+    "cam_up": {
+      "unit": "",
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "source": "host",
+      "description": "A USB (UVC) camera is present for svc-vision: any V4L2 device on USB"
+    },
+    "vision_up": {
+      "unit": "",
+      "type": "boolean",
+      "source": "host",
+      "description": "yukart-vision (the camera's live view) is running"
+    },
     "ups_battery_v": {
       "unit": "V",
       "type": "number",
@@ -501,17 +760,149 @@
       "unit": "percent",
       "type": "number",
       "source": "host",
-      "description": "UPS charge estimate from cell voltage, corrected for load. An estimate, steadiest at rest",
+      "description": "UPS charge: counted from the current since the charger last stopped at full when ups_pct_source is 'counted'; otherwise the estimate from cell voltage, corrected for load, steadiest at rest",
       "range": [
         0,
         100
       ]
     },
+    "ups_pct_source": {
+      "unit": "",
+      "type": "string",
+      "source": "host",
+      "description": "Where ups_battery_pct comes from: 'counted' (current integrated since the last full charge, against the configured capacity) or 'voltage' (no full charge seen since the count was lost: pack out, Orin off a while, capacity changed)"
+    },
+    "ups_charge_ah": {
+      "unit": "Ah",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "host",
+      "description": "UPS charge counted since the last full charge; absent until there has been one",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        20
+      ]
+    },
     "ups_state": {
       "unit": "",
       "type": "string",
       "source": "host",
       "description": "charging, discharging (running on battery) or idle (on input power, not charging)"
+    },
+    "gnss_fix": {
+      "unit": "",
+      "type": "string",
+      "source": "gnss",
+      "description": "Fix quality: none, 2d or 3d (gpsd TPV mode)"
+    },
+    "gnss_speed_kph": {
+      "unit": "kph",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "gnss",
+      "description": "Speed over ground; null without a fix",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        300
+      ]
+    },
+    "gnss_heading_deg": {
+      "unit": "degree",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "gnss",
+      "description": "Course over ground, true north; null without a fix or at a standstill",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        360
+      ]
+    },
+    "gnss_lat": {
+      "unit": "degree",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "gnss",
+      "description": "Latitude, WGS84",
+      "range": [
+        -90,
+        90
+      ]
+    },
+    "gnss_lon": {
+      "unit": "degree",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "gnss",
+      "description": "Longitude, WGS84",
+      "range": [
+        -180,
+        180
+      ]
+    },
+    "gnss_alt_m": {
+      "unit": "m",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "gnss",
+      "description": "Altitude above mean sea level; null without a 3D fix",
+      "range": [
+        -500,
+        9000
+      ]
+    },
+    "gnss_satellites": {
+      "unit": "",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "gnss",
+      "description": "Satellites used in the fix",
+      "range": [
+        0,
+        64
+      ]
+    },
+    "imu_roll_deg": {
+      "unit": "degree",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "imu",
+      "description": "Body roll in the car's frame: positive leaning right (right side down)",
+      "range": [
+        -180,
+        180
+      ]
+    },
+    "imu_pitch_deg": {
+      "unit": "degree",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "imu",
+      "description": "Body pitch in the car's frame: positive nose up",
+      "range": [
+        -90,
+        90
+      ]
+    },
+    "imu_accel_lon_g": {
+      "unit": "g",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "imu",
+      "description": "Longitudinal acceleration in the car's frame, gravity removed: positive forward (speeding up), negative braking",
+      "range": [
+        -4,
+        4
+      ]
+    },
+    "imu_accel_lat_g": {
+      "unit": "g",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "imu",
+      "description": "Lateral acceleration in the car's frame, gravity removed: positive to the right (a right turn reads positive)",
+      "range": [
+        -4,
+        4
+      ]
+    },
+    "imu_yaw_rate_dps": {
+      "unit": "degree/s",
+      "type": "number",
+      "source": "imu",
+      "description": "Yaw rate: positive turning left (counter-clockwise from above)",
+      "range": [
+        -500,
+        500
+      ]
     }
   }
 }

schema/topics.json

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
       "payload": "envelope",
       "retained": true,
       "rate": "1-50/s",
-      "publisher": "decoder, obd-poller",
+      "publisher": "decoder (source z27ag), obd-poller (source obd2)",
       "description": "One topic per signal, named exactly as in signals.json."
     },
     "yukart/gnss/fix": {
@@ -22,6 +22,27 @@
       "publisher": "gnss",
       "description": "value is an object: lat, lon, alt_m, speed_kph, heading_deg, fix, satellites."
     },
+    "yukart/gnss/<signal>": {
+      "payload": "envelope",
+      "retained": true,
+      "rate": "1-10/s",
+      "publisher": "gnss",
+      "description": "The receiver's fix as single values, one topic per signal, named exactly as in signals.json (source=gnss). For displays; yukart/gnss/fix stays the composite for navigation."
+    },
+    "yukart/imu/<signal>": {
+      "payload": "envelope",
+      "retained": true,
+      "rate": "10-50/s",
+      "publisher": "imu",
+      "description": "The IMU (WT61) in the car's frame: attitude, gravity-free acceleration, yaw rate; one topic per signal, named exactly as in signals.json (source=imu)."
+    },
+    "yukart/raw/imu": {
+      "payload": "json",
+      "retained": false,
+      "rate": "10-100/s",
+      "publisher": "imu",
+      "description": "Every IMU sample, raw: module axes, not calibrated. {mono (ns, CLOCK_MONOTONIC), t (µs, realtime), accel [x,y,z] g, gyro [x,y,z] deg/s, angle [roll,pitch,yaw] deg (the module's own)}. Not an envelope; for the recorder (imu.ndjson), so a later calibration can reprocess a session. Displays use yukart/imu/<signal>."
+    },
     "yukart/host/<signal>": {
       "payload": "envelope",
       "retained": true,